Effectiveness of Photoactivated Disinfection Compared to Conventional Irrigation Techniques in Eliminating Resistant Endodontic Pathogens

Abstract

Persistent endodontic infections are often caused by resistant microbial species that survive conventional irrigation techniques, posing significant challenges to successful root canal therapy. Traditional irrigants, including sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and EDTA, may be limited in their ability to fully eradicate these pathogens, particularly within complex root canal anatomies and biofilms. Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) has emerged as an innovative adjunctive approach, employing photosensitizers activated by specific light wavelengths to generate reactive oxygen species that effectively disrupt microbial cell walls and biofilms. Studies indicate that PAD can enhance microbial reduction, including resistant species, compared to conventional irrigation alone, while minimizing cytotoxic effects on periapical tissues. Despite promising results, considerations such as optimal photosensitizer selection, light delivery methods, and clinical standardization remain critical for routine application. Overall, PAD represents a novel and effective strategy for improving root canal disinfection and addressing persistent endodontic infections